Bastian, L.; Hirai, Y.; Yano, J.; Sakai, S. (2011) Proceedings of 2011 World Congress of International Solid Waste Association (ISWA), pp. 157-166
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
This study was conducted to investigate appropriate treatment methods of biogenic wastes while taking into account resource and energy recovery in parallel with mitigation measures to combat climate change. We used life cycle assessment methodology to evaluate the environmental impacts of treatment. We estimated the effects of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions from the treatment scenarios while focusing on composting, bio-gasification and landfill of residuals, bio-gasification and residuals composting, and power generation by incineration. Types of anaerobic landfill and semi aerobic landfill were also considered.
We found that biogenic material could reduce GHG emissions while producing energy through appropriate treatments such as incineration, biogasification, and landfill gas collection. Net GHG emissions in Surabaya were estimated to be 51 Gg CO2 eq per year in the incineration scenario, while it was 86 to 96 Gg CO2 eq per year in the biogasification scenarios. Net GHG emissions could be increased through pre conditioning of waste through methods such as reducing the moisture content. We estimated the net GHG emissions to be -12 Gg CO2 eq per year when compared with the current incineration technology employed in Kyoto, and a greater reduction in GHG emissions was estimated for the biogasification process when it was conducted in combination with incineration.